Moringa: Moringa Leaf Powder l Cây chùm ngây l Moringa Powder Tel: +84 983 868 779

Moringa powder

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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://moringalh.blogspot.com/2014/12/bot-chum-ngay_38.html" target="_blank">Moringa powder </a>is also a highly bioavailable source of vitamins and minerals. A single 0.5 ounce serving (approx. 3 teaspoons) of <a href="https://www.facebook.com/chumngaymoringa" target="_blank">moringa powder</a> provides over 25% of the daily recommended value for calcium, and over 20% of that for iron. Ounce for ounce, moringa powder boasts even more vitamin C than oranges, more beta carotene than carrots, and more potassium than bananas. Known for its energy-boosting effects, moringa powder helps you feel more alert. Health benefits aside, one of the great things about <b><a href="http://moringalh.blogspot.com/2014/12/what-is-moringa.html" target="_blank">moringa powder</a></b> is that it has a very subtle flavor that blends seamlessly with many kinds of foods. You can also try it mixed with salad dressings, soups, and smoothies, or sprinkled over yogurt and cereal.</span></div>
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Moringa powder

Moringa powder is also a highly bioavailable source of vitamins and minerals. A single 0.5 ounce serving (approx. 3 teaspoons) of mor...

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Moringa Powder Benefits

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<span style="line-height: 20.2222232818604px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Health Benefits of <a href="http://moringalh.blogspot.com/2014/12/bot-chum-ngay.html" target="_blank">Moringa Powder</a>:</span></span></h2>
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<span style="line-height: 20.2222232818604px;"><span style="font-size: large;">While talking about the health benefits of this versatile supplement, the list is simply unending. It contains around 20 types of amino-acids, 46 antioxidants, 36 anti-inflammatory compounds and more than 90 nutrients which make it one of the best nutritional supplements. It is an excellent source of minerals like iron, calcium and vitamins A, B, B1, B2, B3, B6, C, E as well as macro minerals, trace minerals and phytonutrients. Besides, it is a good source of quality protein and dietary fiber.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">1. Boosts Stamina:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Being a complete package of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and phytonutrients, this supplement is great for boosting your energy and stamina as well as increasing concentration.  Students can use it to improve concentration whereas athletes can benefit in the form of increased endurance during exercise. Moreover, it aids in weight loss because it provides enough energy and vitality to reduce the need for eating to increase energy levels.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">2. Controls Diabetes:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">It is extremely beneficial for diabetic patients. Moringa Oliefera capsules or a drink made from moringa powder can be consumed for keeping the level of sugar normal. Thus, it is a cost effective home remedy for diabetic patients.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">3. Anti-Oxidant:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://moringalh.blogspot.com/2014/12/bot-chum-ngay_6.html" target="_blank">Moringa powder</a> is rich in catechin polyphenols, particularly epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) which is a powerful antioxidant for inhibiting the growth of cancer cells.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">4. Lowers Cholesterol:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">It is also effective in lowering LDL cholesterol levels and inhibiting the abnormal formation of blood clots.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">5. Controls Blood Pressure:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Another benefit of moringa powder is its soothing ability which enables it to lower the blood pressure and promotes good sleep. It is a natural remedy for insomnia as it possesses certain properties that can treat sleeping disorders.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">6. Detoxifies:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">It is often used to purify water due to its detoxifying effects. Being a coagulant agent, it can attach itself to hazardous bacteria and other agents. In a similar manner, when consumed, it helps in removing toxins from the body.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">7. Treats Depression:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Moringa leaf powder is effective in treating depression and anxiety as well. You can make it a part of your diet and see the results within a couple of days.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">8. Organic Nature:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">As it is 100 percent organic with no side effects, it is safe for people of all ages. In Africa, it is often given to babies to overcome malnourishment.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">9. Good For Pregnant Women And Lactating Mothers:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">It is particularly beneficial for pregnant and breast-feeding women who are at the risk of suffering from nutritional deficiencies. Around 6 spoons of moringa powder satisfy nearly all of a woman’s daily iron and calcium needs during pregnancy and breast-feeding.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">10. Treats Minor Infections:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Due to its medicinal value, this supplement is used for the treatment of minor bacterial and fungal infections, lowering blood sugar levels, anemia and weight loss.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">11. Improves Immunity:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">In addition to the benefits given above, it improves immunity, provides nourishment to the eyes and brain, promotes metabolism and cell structure; and encourages the normal functioning of liver and kidney.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Skin Benefits of Moringa Powder:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Moringa powder plays an important role in skincare as well. Its vast array of nutrients makes it extremely beneficial for your skin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">11. For Glowing Skin:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Moringa powder can be used directly as a face pack or can be mixed with fuller’s earth or sandalwood paste and applied on face for smooth, glowing and blemish free skin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">12. Delays Ageing Process:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">It is an excellent source of antioxidants with high contents of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E and bioflavonoids. Active oxygen radicals cause skin diseases by stealing electrons from normal healthy biological molecules. These nutrients help to block the oxidation of healthy tissue by active oxygen, thus delaying the ageing process and lowering the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">[ Read: White Pumpkin Benefits ]</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">13. Heals Wounds:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">This powder can also be applied on cuts and wounds. It heals the cuts and wounds fast and offers a clear skin devoid of wound marks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Hair Benefits of Moringa Powder:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Having a healthy body is a pre requisite to healthy hair. Health problems or nutritional deficiencies can hinder hair growth and cause several hair problems making your hair damaged and brittle. As stated earlier, moringa powder contains all the essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals conducive to healthy hair.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">14. Aids In Keratin Formation:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Certain vitamins, minerals and amino acids contained in moringa powder support the metabolic pathways involved in the formation of keratin protein which is vital for healthy hair. It also contains the amino acid Methionine which supplies sulphur to your hair, thus preventing hair loss.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">15. Aids Improved Hair Growth:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Optimum supply of oxygen and nutrients from the circulatory system to the hair follicles is vital for hair growth. Being high in vitamin A, moringa powder encourages hair growth and maintenance. It also works with silica and zinc to prevent drying and clogging of the sebaceous glands which are involved in producing sebum. Deficiency of vitamin A can cause thickening of scalp, dry hair and dandruff.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">16. Stimulates Hair Growth:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Moringa leaf powder also contains zinc which stimulates hair growth by enhancing the immune system. Zinc deficiency can result in atrophy of hair follicles due to impairment of DNA and protein synthesis.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">17. Provides Nutrients To Hair Follicles:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Moringa powder is rich in vitamins. Deficiency of B vitamins, particularly B6, biotin, inositol and folic acid causes hair loss. On the other hand, Vitamins C and E improves scalp circulation, thus making more nutrients available to the hair follicles to grow stronger and healthier hair. Vitamin C is required for maintaining capillaries that carry blood to the follicles.</span></div>
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Moringa Powder Benefits

Health Benefits of Moringa Powder : While talking about the health benefits of this versatile supplement, the list is simply unend...

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Moringa Leaf Powder

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Moringa Leaf Powder: Increased vegetable utilization and consumption are critical to alleviate world-wide incidence of nutritional deficiencies. Diets rich in micronutrients and antioxidants are strongly recommended to ameliorate the effects of HIV/AIDS. Our survey of over 120 species of tropical and subtropical edible plants for nutrient content, antioxidant activity (AOA), and crop traits indicated that Moringa oleifera is one of the promising crops which could contribute to increased intake of micronutrients and antioxidants. Moringa have been included in the AVRDC Nutrition Seed Kit. Each kit includes different kinds of vegetable seeds for planting in home gardens to ensure good health and nutrition of household recipients. The Nutrition Kit is promoted and distributed by the AVRDC Regional Center for Africa to farmers, women groups, and extension people.</h2>
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Genetic variation, environmental factors, postharvest handling and different means of food preparation influence the nutritional and functional qualities of moringa. The highest nutrient values among four moringa species evaluated were measured on Moringa oleifera. AVRDC designed methods for high density planting and pruning enabled convenient and continuous harvests of young shoots for fresh market. We found that harvest season and leaf stage significantly influenced nutrient contents of Moringa leaves. Higher protein, vitamin A and glucosinolates contents and AOA were obtained in hot-wet season; whereas, higher iron, vitamin C, and phenolic contents were found in cool-dry season. Variation among 10 Moringa oleifera accessions for nutrient contents were small and thus varietal selection should focus on horticulture traits. Mature leaves were more nutritious than young shoots and could be quickly dried with minimum nutrient loss; however, young shoots exhibited better eating quality and thus were better accepted for fresh market. Cooking increased availability of iron and enhanced aqueous AOA. The AOA was maintained after simulated digestion.</div>
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Moringa leaf extracts exhibited anti-microbial activity including inhibition of the growth of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food and animal intestines. Moringa added to fodder could be a potential bioceutical agent to substitute for antibiotics in livestock production. For human use, intervention with a diet containing 5% moringa powder was investigated using a rat model and compared to a 5% common cabbage diet, and a nutrient-sufficient diet without vegetable.</div>
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The study implies the consumption of Moringa leaves powder enhances the immune response of nutrient sufficient subjects. In addition, consumption of nutrient and phytochemical-rich vegetables, like Moringa, leads to a better immune response compared to consumption of vegetables that are rich in fiber but lower in nutrient content, like common cabbage. Moringa leaves powder should be promoted for greater consumption to improve nutrition and strengthen immune functions for fighting infectious diseases.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Moringa Introduction</strong></h2>
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Iron and vitamin A deficiencies, and infectious diseases continue to devastate people of the developing world; non-communicable diseases attributable to obesity are increasingly common in developed and developing countries. Diets rich in vegetables and fruits providing micronutrients and health-promoting phytochemicals could alleviate both under-nutrition and obesity.</div>
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Most people in the world lack adequate access to vegetables even though they are essential for good health. Insufficient vegetable and fruit consumption causes 2.7 million deaths annually worldwide and belongs to the top 10 risk factors contributing to mortality (Ezzati et al., 2002). Malnutrition is rampant in the tropics where per capita vegetable supplies in most countries falls far short of the minimum recommended 73 kg/person/year. In Sub-Saharan Africa, per capita vegetable supplies are only 43% of what are needed, leading to widespread malnutrition.</div>
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There are hundreds of plant species consumed as vegetables, but only about 20 crops are produced in intensive cropping systems (Siemonsma and Piluek, 1994). Indigenous vegetables (IVs) are native to a particular region or introduced to the region from another geographical area over a long period of time. They are grown locally in a small scale, often resistant to diseases and tolerant to environmental stresses, very nutritious and contain a vast range of phytochemicals; however, most are neglected or under-utilized. IVs have potential for introduction or greater use as cash crops in peri-urban systems, vegetables for daily sustenance in home gardens, and a means to diversify production systems and diets.</div>
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Nutrient contents of vegetables vary greatly. Among 240 edible plants of 120 species tested at the AVRDC, β-carotene content were measured and ranged 0 − 22 mg with the average of 3.1 ± 3.3 mg based on 100 g fresh weight (fw) basis. Iron content ranged 0.2 − 26 mg/100g fw and averaged 2.1 ± 2.6 mg/100g fw. Vegetable sample distributions for β-carotene and iron contents were screwed with the majority of samples ≤ 4 mg/100g for β-carotene and ≤ 2 mg/100g for iron. With the survey of 120 edible plant species, Moringa oleifera were found among the most promising species according to their high antioxidant activity, high contents of micronutrients and phytochemicals, processing properties, ease of growing and palatability. In this paper, we present nutritional and bioactive values of moringa leaves from germplasm, to field, to plate and to health outcome.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Nutrient and phytochemical contents among four <a href="http://moringalh.blogspot.com/2014/12/bot-chum-ngay_6.html" target="_blank">Moringa</a> species</strong></h2>
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We compared antioxidant and nutritional values of four Moringa species (Yang et al., 2006). Moringa stenopetala is the most economically important species after Moringa oleifera among Moringas; Moringa drouhardii has the most pungent odor similar to mustard oil; and Moringa peregrine has the widest habitat range and the only one of the slender trees extended out of Asia (Olson, 2001).</div>
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<strong style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Table 1. </span></strong><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">The four <a href="http://moringa.vn/" target="_blank">Moringa</a> species used in this study</span></div>
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<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Moringa Species</span></em></div>
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<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Plant Age</span></em></div>
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<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Group</span></em></div>
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<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Origin</span></em></div>
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<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Moringa oleifera</span></em></div>
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<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Moringa peregrina</span></em></div>
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<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Moringa stenopetala</span></em></div>
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<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Moringa drouhardii</span></em></div>
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3 yr</div>
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3 yr</div>
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3 yr</div>
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3 yr</div>
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Slender tree</div>
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Slender tree Bottle tree Bottle tree</div>
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India</div>
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Arabia, Red Sea area Kenya, Ethiopia Madagascar</div>
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<strong style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Nutritional Quality of the 4 Moringa Species</strong></h2>
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Among the four species, Moringa oleifera contained the highest amounts of β-carotene, ascorbate (Vit C), α-tocopherol (Vit E) and iron, and was the second highest in protein content (Table 2). Moringa oleifera grows faster than the other three species under the subtropical low lands in Taiwan, and this specie is commonly consumed as a vegetable in South Asia and Africa. Oligosaccharides and oxalate were reported as anti-nutrient factors in Moringa leaves (Freiberger et al., 1998). In this study, stachyose and raffinose were not found in mature leaves, but detected in young leaves (0− 14 mg/g dry weight) and in seeds (22−98 mg/g dw). Moringa mature leaves contained very low value of oxalate (0.99 ± 0.21 mg/g dw) by compared to spinach (25−45 mg/g dw). The data indicated that oxalate and oligosaccharides are not significant anti-nutrient factors in Moringa.</div>
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Table 2. <span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Nutrient contents of mature Moringa leaves (100 g fresh weight)</span></div>
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<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Moringa Specie</span></em>s</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-style: solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 2.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 14pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">DM Protein</span></em></div>
<div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 14pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">−−−− g−−−</span></em></div>
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<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">β-carotene Ascorbate Tocopherols Iron Calcium</span></em></div>
<div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 14pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">−−−−−−−−−−− mg</span></em></div>
</td></tr>
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<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Moringa oleifera</span></em></div>
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24</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;" width="49"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
5.7</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;" width="42"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
15</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;" width="45"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
249</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;" width="48"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
25</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;" width="52"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
9.2</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;" width="116"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
638</div>
</td></tr>
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<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Moringa stenopetala</span></em></div>
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24</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 13pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
5.8</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 13pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
13</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 13pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
400</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 13pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
18</div>
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5.4</div>
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711</div>
</td></tr>
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<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Moringa peregrina</span></em></div>
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21</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 13pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
2.9</div>
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5</div>
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264</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 13pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
28</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 13pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
5.6</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 13pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
458</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none none solid; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 13pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
<em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Moringa drouhardii</span></em></div>
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29</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none none solid; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 13pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
5.0</div>
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11</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none none solid; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 13pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
388</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none none solid; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 13pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
14</div>
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8.7</div>
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745</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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</div>
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<strong style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><br /></strong></h2>
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<strong style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><br /></strong></h2>
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<strong style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><br /></strong></h2>
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<strong style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><br /></strong></h2>
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<strong style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Antioxidant Contents of Moringa</strong></h2>
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Concentrations of four natural antioxidants (total phenolics and antioxidant vitamins A, C and E) were measured for the four species. The content ranges on a dry weight basis were 74−210 µmol/g for phenolics, 70−100 µmol/g for ascorbate (Vit C), 1.1−2.8 µmol/g for β-carotene and 0.7 − 1.1 µmol/g for α-tocopherol (Vit E). Antioxidant content of Moringas are high even compared to vegetables and fruits known for high antioxidant contents such as strawberries high in phenolics (330 mg gallic acid (GA)/100g fw, or ~190 µmol GA/g dw); hot pepper high in ascorbate (200 mg/100g fw, or ~110 µmol/g dw), carrot high in β-carotene (10 mg/100g fw, or ~1.8 µmol/g dw) and soybean which is high in α-tocopherol (0.85 mg/100g fw, or ~1.8 µmol/g dw). Moringas are an excellent source of a wide spectrum of dietary antioxidants.</div>
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In summary: (1) high nutrients, antioxidants and glucosinolates, and low oxalate contents are common features of the four Moringa species; and (2) Moringa peregrina was the uppermost for antioxidant; Moringa oleifera has the highest nutrient values among the four.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<strong style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Nutrient and phytochemical contents in Moringa leaves as affected by different accessions, harvesting seasons and leaf stages</strong></h2>
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Ten <span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Moringa </span>oleifera accessions, selected from a survey of 60 <span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Moringa </span>oleifera accessions for yield and growth performance, were used in the study. The seeds, collected from Taiwan, Phillipines, India, USA and Tanzania, were sown on 30 March 2004, and transplanted to the field on 26 April 2004. Plants were grown on 6-m-long x 1.5-m-wide x 30-cm-high raised beds, in double rows with 30 cm between rows and plants within rows. Accessions were arranged in a RCBD with 40 plants per plot and 3 replications. No pesticide was applied. Plots were harvested for young shoots 1-2 times per week from three harvest periods: 30 June − 7 December 2004, 24 Jan − 30 March 2005, and 25 April − 15 December 2005 with about one month interval of each harvesting period to allow mature leaves growth. The average air temperatures and rain falls were 29.2°C (23.9 − 34.6°C) and 13.9 mm in June 2004 as hot-wet season, 17.7°C (6.7−27.4°C) and 0.1 mm in January 2005 as cool-dry season, and 24.7°C (15.4−32.8°C) and 1.1 mm in April 2005. Young shoots and mature leaves were collected separately from the branches harvested the first day of the three harvest periods and sent to laboratory. Nutrient contents and antioxidants were measured. The averaged values are shown in Table 3.</div>
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<br /></div>
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This study indicated that: (1) High density planting and frequently trimming enable convenient and continuous weekly harvests of young shoots. (2) Variation among 10 <span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Moringa </span>oleifera accessions for nutrient contents was small (data not shown) so breeding for higher nutrient content is not worthwhile. Varietal selection should focus on horticultural traits. (3) Mature leaves were more nutritious than young shoots and could be quickly dried with minimum nutrient loss; however, young shoots exhibited better eating quality and more acceptable for the fresh market. (4)</div>
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Seasonal effects caused 1.5-3 times content variation for vitamin A, iron and antioxidants in moringa leaves; higher vitamin A was obtained in hot-wet season while higher iron and vitamin C were found in cool-dry.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<strong style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Table 3. </span></strong><span style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Means of nutrient values1 of 10 <em style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Moringa oleifera </em>accessions with three harvests Per 100 g fresh w</span>eight Mature leaves young shoots</div>
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<span class="style246" style="font-size: 14px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><img alt="image" height="1" src="http://miracletrees.org/moringanutrition_clip_image002.png" style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;" width="539" /></span></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; width: 524px;"><tbody style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">
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Dry matter, g</div>
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22.2</div>
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±</div>
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1.6</div>
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15.1</div>
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±</div>
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2.7</div>
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<tr style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
Protein, g</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
6.9</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 13pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
0.8</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
4.28</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
0.91</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
Fiber, g</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
1.75</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 13pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
0.24</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
1.47</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
0.17</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
Sugar, g</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
2.93</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 14pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
0.44</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
2.2</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
0.41</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
Calcium, mg</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
454</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 14pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
63</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: right;">
82</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
31</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
Iron, mg</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
6.7</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 14pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
2.8</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
2.8</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
1.5</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
β-Carotene, mg</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
13.9</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 14pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
5.2</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
4.1</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
2.2</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
Vitamin C, mg</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
257</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 14pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
53</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
244</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
54</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
Vitamin E, mg</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
16.7</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 14pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
3.2</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
4.3</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
1.9</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 15pt; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
TEAC2, µmol TE</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
3629</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
1257</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
23.4</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
926</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;"><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none none solid; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
Total phenolics, mg</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none none solid; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
680</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none none solid; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none none solid; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
116</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none none solid; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
581</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none none solid; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: center;">
±</div>
</td><td class="style132 style246 style258 style14" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none none solid; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="style246" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1px 1px 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; text-align: left;">
134</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<h2 class="style246" style="background-color: white; color: #009900; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 15px; margin: 2px 0pt 4px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify;">
 </h2>
<h2 class="style246" style="background-color: white; color: #009900; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 15px; margin: 2px 0pt 4px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<strong style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Nutrient and phytochemical contents in Moringa leaves as affected by processing temperature and simulated gastrointestinal digestion</strong></h2>
<div class="style246" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify;">
Leafy vegetables are often cooked before consumption and dried in preservation during time of scarcity of vegetables. Sun-drying in direct sunshine and under shade are the common practices used in most parts of Africa to preserve vegetables for dry season consumption (Lyimo et al., 1991). However ways of food preparation and preservation may affect significantly the concentration and availability of minerals, vitamins and other essential compounds in food. Some reports have documented the losses of nutrients from vegetables during drying (Yadav and Sehgal, 1997) and cooking (Kachik et al., 1992 and Kidmose et al., 2005). A low temperature oven drying process was applied to dehydrate moringa leaves. The nutrient values were measured and compared to those of freeze dried leaves.The results sowed that drying at 50°C for 16 hours maintained most nutrients and phytochemicals in moringa leaves except for vitamin C. The mild-heating and drying process could be achieved using common household facility such as stove to provide a simple and effective way for long term preservation and continuous supply of essential micronutrients.</div>
<div class="style246" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 1px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify;">
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Our previous study on in vitro iron bioavailability (IB) of vegetables indicated that cooking increases IB of certain vegetables 2−10 times (Yang et al., 2002). The cooking enhancing effect can be achieved with different heating processes including boiling, stir-frying and hot-air drying. Prolonged storage of cooked vegetables will reduce the availability of iron. In the case of cabbage, the cooking enhancing effect was due to the reduction of iron-polyphenol interaction, which commonly occurs during plant cell destruction. The nature of the enhancing factors in these vegetables was similar to the effect of EDTA, which stabilizes iron when it is released from cell (Yang and Tsou, 2006). In he case of Moringa, boiling in water enhanced the in vitro IB of fresh leaves and dried powder by 3.5 and 3 times, respectively. Cooking Moringa leaves also raised total available iron of mixtures with other food items such as mungbean (Yang et al., 2006). In addition, boiling Moringa leaves in water enhanced aqueous AOA, and the AOA was maintained after simulated digestion.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Immune modulation of dried Moringa ( powder ) in diets for human use and livestock production</strong></h2>
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Intervention with a diet containing 5% Moringa leaves powder was investigated using a rat model and compared to a 5% common cabbage diet, and a nutrient-sufficient diet without vegetable. After 3 weeks, the preliminary result (data not shown) indicated that the Moringa leaves powder diet lightly reduced blood triglycerides and enhanced immune response due to increased peripheral and splenocyte T-cell proliferations. The preliminary study implies the consumption of moringa leaves powder may increase immune response of nutrient-sufficient subjects. In addition, consumption of nutrient and phytochemical-rich vegetables, like moringa, leads to a better immune response compared to consumption of vegetables that are rich in fiber but lower in nutrient or phytochemical content, like common cabbage. Moringa should be promoted for greater consumption for human use to improve nutrition and strengthen immune functions.</div>
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The effects of dehydrated leaves of Moringa oleifera(Moringa leaves powder)  in the diets of broilers were also investigated. The trial included 5 treatments (diet without moringa leaves powder and diets containing 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% dried leaves) with 3 replications and 4 broilers per replication. Twenty-one day old broilers were housed in wire cages for one week adaptation followed by a 3-week-experimental feeding period. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Growth performance, immune function and ileum microflora were evaluated. The results (data not shown) indicated that moringa leaves powder diets significantly (1) enhanced duodenum traits; (2) increased concentrations of total globulin, γ-globulin and IgA, lymphocyte ratio, antibody titer to sheep erythrocytes, and delayed type hypersensitivity (3) reduced E. coli and increased Lactobacillus counts in ileum. In conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaves are potential plant material to enhance immune responses and improve intestinal health of broilers. The efficacy of Moringa oleifera as bioceutical agents to substitute for antibiotic use for broiler production will be further examined</div>
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<strong style="margin: 1px; outline: 0px;">Promotion of Moringa leaves and powder for greater production and consumption</strong></h2>
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High nutrients, antioxidants and glucosinolates are common features of Moringa species. However, leaf stages and harvesting seasons can change their nutritional values 1.5 − 3 times, especially for β-carotene and iron. Variation among Moringa oleifera accessions for nutrient contents were small, varietal selection should focus on horticulture traits. Cooked moringa leaves provide more bio-available iron. Mild-heat drying process (50 °C/ 16 hours) maintained most nutrients and bioactives in moringa leaves and could be achieved by low-cost household preparation as a simple and effective way for continuous nutrients/bioactives supply. The Moringa leaves powder provide many kinds and types of nutrients and bioactives, which would lead to better nutrition and health.</div>

Moringa Leaf Powder

Moringa Leaf Powder: Increased vegetable utilization and consumption are critical to alleviate world-wide incidence of nutritional deficien...

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